Phytochemicals
(sarabesh)
Phytochemicals
Many plant derived substances collectively termed as "phytochemicals" or "phytonutrients" are becoming increasingly
known for their antioxidant activity. Fruits,vegetables,cereals,pulses.oils,nuts,wholegrains,spices are interesting for health for their content in minerals,phytochemicals,and dietary fibre. All these substances are related to lower risk for the development of health problems such as cancer,obesity,heart disease.asthma,type2diabetes.
Antioxidant function is exhibited by some nutrients such as vitaminC,vitaminE,and provitaminA,other phytochemicals
that have antioxidant properties are carotenoids,flavonoids,phenolic compounds,and isothiocyanates. Food rich in these chemicals and exihibiting disease protecting potential are called "functional foods".Food containing phenolic phytochemicals are targeted to manage bacterial infections associated with chronic disease such as peptic ulcer,dental caries,and urinary tract infections.
Phenolic antioxidants such as flavanoids,and carotenoids from fruits and vegetables play a key role in reducing ahronic disease risk. Flavanoids possess anti-viral,anti-allergenic,anti-inflammatory,anti-carcinogenic activity.
Apples consists of rich sources of phytochemicals,consumption of apples reduced risk of some cancers,heart disease,asthma,and diabetes. Apples possess strong antioxidant activity,inhibit cancer cell proliferation,decrease lipid oxidation,and lower cholestrol. Apples contain variety of phytochemicals including catechin,quercitin,phloridzin,and chlorogenic acid.
Green tea polyphenols such as epicatechin,epigallactochein,epigallocatechin,epicatechin gallate,and gallic acid inhibits linoleic acid peroxidation.
Curcumin exerts protective effect against nicotine induced lung toxicity by modulating lipid peroxidation and augmenting antioxidant defence system.
Whole grains intake is protective against cancer,heart diasease,diabetes and obesity. Whloe grains rich in antioxidants including trace minerals,and phenolic compounds mediate insulin and glucose responses.
Medicinal plant extracts such as cinnamon was the most bioactive product followed by green tea,black tea,bay leaves,cloves,mushrooms and brewer yeast. These products are involved in preventing glucose oxidation bioactivity. The role of these plant extracts involved in improving glucose and insulin metabolism.
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