Resumo de León Portilla - Miguel León-Portilla

According to León Portilla, the aboriginal memory of the Conquest for the survivors meant more than a tragedy: the memory started to be a trauma. For each one of the three American cultures, the way as the sensible conquest was undertaken meant a violent shock in different ways in each one of them. For the Aztecs, the conquest was traumatic. In principle of century XVI, the Aztec people reached its maximum development and esplendor - considered the People of the Sun, they were elect of the god of the war, Huitzilopochtli, and, while its warriors conquered territories, men come other world sea were made use to undertake its conquest. Confusing first the Spaniard with the great Gentleman of the Aztecs, Quetzalcóatl, and the others deuses that they returned to take its places in the temple, the deceit was gotten rid when it had the slaughter in the temple biggest. The Aztec people who the principle believed that those men were deuses, when seeing the way as those strangers behaved, its covets for gold and its fury, had moved of opinion: the foreigners were not deuses, but pololocas or Barbarians. One another important factor that it still more accented the trauma of the conquest was how much to the terrible omens that each one of those peoples, Mexicans and Andeans, had foreseen. The idea of the end of the times became real when they had appeared those mounted strange men in monsters of four legs. With relation to the Mayan conquest, the fact of already having had eight years before the arrival of Cortés a meeting between Spaniard and Americans, served of premessenger for what it would have to happen later. The millenarian concern to indicate dates of each event became known and accepted the idea of that to have foreigners in Mayan lands meant the ruin of its cultura.Mas the way of as the conquest of the Mayans was undertaken differs from that one taken to the together effect the Aztecs. First, the submitted Mayan states to the conquest had been those that if found in high lands of Chiapas and Guatemala, and years later only are that Yucatán would have of being conquered. This delay in the conquest of the Mayan capital was given because notice arrived on the abundance of gold that existed in Peruvian lands, and these made to discourage the situated Spanish troops in Mexico. The Mayans of high lands of Guatemala as well as the Aztecs and incas, had believed initially that the foreigners were deuses, however the Mayans of Yucatán had not believed the deity of the Spaniard. The Mayan certifications of the conquest reflect what the author flame of philosophical vision of the Conquest, therefore the condemnatory judgment of the priests and surviving Mayan scholars if bases on reasons. The Mayans had condemned the foreigners because they contradicted themselves in its pregações and the way to act and to behave with the indians. Incas in turn, considered as well as the Aztecs the People of the Sun and in a similar way, its area of domain was extended for many kilometers. Incas in the period of the conquest was in full development economic politician and, and the Spanish domination was a surprise for that people. Quéchua as well as the Mayans and the Aztecs, a first moment, had believed that those strange men were deuses that they returned, that was about Huiracocha and its companions. However, when it was clearly that the Spaniard were not deities, that were eager men for gold and power, one another idea if she presented: the presence of those foreigners meant the end in the old way of Andean life. Although incas has resisted per approximately forty years, the certainty of the defeat finally became solid. What it remained of these three cultures they had been only full certifications of anguish and sadness. For each one of the three civilizations, the memory of the conquest had one meaning different. For the Aztecs the result of the conquest was a deep trauma, for the Mayans an inevitable event that had marked date to happen, and for incas, something for the which value to the penalty to resist, of dramatical and surprising form, during almost forty years. LEÓN-PORTILLA, Miguel. The conquest of the Américavista for the indians. Aztec stories, incas and Mayans. Petrópolis: Voices, 1984

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