Resumo de Children's Health

Write your abstract here.Definition Children's health encompasses the physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being of children from infancy through adolescence. Description All
children should have regular well-child check ups according to the
schedule recommended by their physician or pediatrician. The American
Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advises that children be seen for well-baby
check ups at two weeks, two months, four months, six months, nine
months, twelve months, fifteen months, and eighteen months. Well-child
visits are recommended at ages two, three, four, five, six, eight, 10,
and annually thereafter through age 21. In
addition, an immunization schedule should be followed to protect
against disease and infection. As of 2004, the AAP and the U.S. Centers
for Disease Control (CDC) recommended that the following childhood
immunizations be administered by age two: Hepatitis B. Three doses. Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP). Four doses. H. influenzae type b (Hib). Four doses. Inactivated Polio. Three doses. Pneumococcal Conjugate. Three doses. Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR). One dose. Varicella (chickenpox). One dose. Hepatitis A. (In certain geographical areas and with certain high risk groups.) The
flu vaccine has been added in recent years and has been recommended for
childhood caregivers. It is not recommended for children younger than
six months of age. A combined vaccine called the Hexavac includes the
vaccine for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, H. influenza
B, and hepatitis B in one dose. In clinical trials in 2004, it was
shown to be safe and effective in young children. Some
immunizations may cause mild side effects, or more rarely, serious
adverse reactions. However, the benefits of immunization greatly
outweigh the incidence of health problems arising from them. There are serious chronic diseases and health
problems that are frequently diagnosed in childhood and cannot be
vaccinated against. These include, but are not limited to, asthma, type
I diabetes (juvenile diabetes), leukemia, hemophilia, and cystic
fibrosis. Mental health Children
who have difficulty in areas of language acquisition, cognitive
development, and behavior control may be suffering from mental illness.
Mental health problems that may afflict children include: Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). According to the AAP, 4-12% of
school-aged children have ADHD, a condition characterized by poor
impulse control and excessive motor activity. Learning disorders. Learning disabilities affect one in 10 school children. Depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. Affective, or mood, disorders can affect kids as well as adults. Eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder (BED) frequently occur in adolescent girls. Schizophrenia.
A disorder characterized by bizarre thoughts and behaviors, paranoia,
impaired sense of reality, and psychosis may be diagnosed in childhood. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Also called OCD, this anxiety disorder afflicts one in 200 children. Autism
and pervasive developmental disorder. Severe developmental disabilities
that cause a child to become withdrawn and unresponsive. Mental
retardation. Children under age 18 with an IQ of 70 or below and
impairments in adaptive functioning are considered mentally retarded. Emotional and social health Children
take their first significant steps toward socialization and peer
interaction when they begin to engage in cooperative play at around age
four. Their social development will progress throughout childhood and
adolescence as they develop friendships, start to be influenced by
their peers, and begin to show interest in the opposite sex. Factors which can have a negative impact on the emotional and social well-being of children include: Violence.
Bullying can cause serious damage to a child's sense of self-esteem and
personal safety, as can experiences with hool violence. Family
turmoil. Divorce, death, and other life-changing events that alter the
family dynamic can have a serious impact on a child. Even a positive
event such as the birth of a sibling or a move to a new city and school
can put emotional strain on a child. Stress. The pressure to
perform well academically and in extracurricular activities such as
sports can be overwhelming to some children. Peer pressure.
Although it can have a positive impact, peer pressure is often a source
of significant stress for children. This is particularly true in
adolescence when fitting in seems all-important. Drugs and
alcohol. Curiosity is intrinsic to childhood, and more than 30% of
children have experimented with alcohol by age 13. Open communication
with children that sets forth parental expectations about drug and
alcohol use is essential. Negative sexual experiences. Sexual
abuse and assault can emotionally scar a child and instill negative
feelings about sexuality and relationships.

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