Resumo de Reino Fungi

The mushrooms and his/her importance Reino Fungi includes the organismos eucariontes aclorofilados, heterótro-f: > s. that incorporate the foods for ab- ?orção. Popularly cotio molds are known, molds, ferments, yeasts: Tile-of-wood, truffles and mushroom-of-tea-péu (champignon). As for the life way, the mushrooms can be: ? saprófagos. when they obtain their alimentos decomposing organisms mortos; ? parasites. when they feed of substances that flow of alive organismos;? mutualísticos. when they establish associations with other organism, in that both they benefit;
? predators. in the rare cases in that they capture small animals, of which feed. In all of the cases, however, the mushrooms liberate digestive enzymes outside of their bodies, and those enzymes act immediately in the organic way in which they settle, degrading him/it the simple moléculas, that are absorbed for the fungo as an aqueous solution. The mushrooms parasites provoke doenças in plants and in animals, besides in the man. The rust of the coffee plant, for instance, is a parasitose provoked by mushroom; the mycoses that appear comu-mind in the men are diseases provocadas for mushrooms. Many mushrooms are aeróbicos, that is, they accomplish the breathing, but alguns that are anaerobic exist and they accomplish the fermentation. Of these last ones, some are used in the process of production of alcoholic drinks, as the beer and the wine,
and in the process of preparation of the bread. In those processes, the used mushroom belongs to the species Saccharomyces cere-visiae, capable to transform the sugar in ethyl alcohol and CO2 (fermentation alcoólica) in the absence of O2. In the presence of O2 they accomplish the breathing. Therefore, they are called anaerobic optional. Some species of mushrooms are utilizadas directly as food for the man. It is more thoroughly the case of the species Agaricus brunnescens, the popular champignon, one of the cultivated in the world.
Species of mushrooms that are poisonous for the man exist, being able to inclusive to cause the death. It is the case of the white cogumelos of the género Amanita, of the varieties red or yellow of the espécie Amanita muscaria and of the género Psi-locybe. Those mushrooms, when ingested by the man, they produce effects alucinógenos similar to the produced by LSD (acid lisérgico), provoking serious damages to the nervous system. LSD, for his/her time, is synthesized by another fungo, denominated ergot, belonging to the species
Crimson Claviceps, that grows on grains of cereals. Among the mushrooms, there are species that are used in the production of antibiotics in commercial scale, as it is the case of the Foot-nicillium chrysogenum and of P. notatum, that synthesize the penicillin

Resumos Relacionados