The Italian Fascism
(Mario Furley)
Italy fought in the First World War beside England and France, but lost a lot more than it won. When the conflict was over, it suffered a violent crisis. The workers, stimulated by comunists, striked, taking over factories (1919). The country was a step away from a socialist revolution. During those years of acute class struggles, the Fascist Party was born, headed by Mussolini. In the beginning, it assembled ex-soldiers, vagabonds and police officers. They collected money from entrepreneurs to pursue syndicalists and socialists. As time passed, the fascists build a political party with ideas and projects of its own. Meanwhile, they never abandoned the practice of physically hurting their adversaries. In 1922, thousands of fascist military, dressed in black shirts, marched over Rome (1922). They occupied the capital streets demanding that the king would nominate Mussolini as prime-minister. Pressured by the bourgeoisie, which supported the fascists, the monarch yielded. Installed in power, Mussolini started elections that would be marked by fraude. A deputie who exposed the fraude was assassinated. Faced with chaos, with paramilitary fascist groups executing political enemies unpunished, Mussolini shut down all other parties and arrested his opponents. The dictatorship was then implanted. Only the Fascist Party was authorized to exist in Italy. Let it be noticed: the italian fascist dictatorship was implanted before the 1929 world crisis. Back then, the Catholic Church was very hostile to comunists. Bishops used to say that social inequalities were determined by God and, therefore, socialism would be a kind of heresy. Some priests adhered to fascism because they believed that this was the best way to fight comunists. Cleverly, Mussolini made an agreement with the Catholic Church, the Lateran Treaty. This treaty, created the State of the Vatican City, where the pope resides, located in Rome. In exchange, the pope recognized the Italian State.
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