Resumo de Catalan - Its History Like Language

Catalan the Catalan is a Romance language, whose older literary text, the Homilies d´Organya, data of halves of century XII. In centuries XIII, XIV and XV, Catalan Literature bloomed, at the outset under the influence of Provençal Literature and more ahead like product of its own thematic and formal resources. Between centuries XVI and XVIII a period of declivity happened, of which the Renaxença woke up in century XIX with the called movement, the Renaissance. The modern linguistic normalization was carried out when Prat de Riba instituted, in 1907, the Institut d´Estudis Catalans, with the intention of scientifically studying all the elements of the Catalan culture. In the Institut d´Estudis Catalans, Pompeu Fabra made the regulation and grammar systematization of the unitary norms for its writing (1913). As much the Castilian as the Catalan (from 1979) is the official languages of Catalunya and the Balearic Islands (from 1983), in Valencia the Catalan receives the name of Valencian, recognized with this denomination by the Statute of Autonomy. I articulate 7,1 of the Statute of the Valencian Community, that includes the provinces of Alicante, Castellon and Valencia says: ?The two official languages of the independent community are Valencian and the Castilian. All have the right to know them and to use them.? The old kingdom of Valencia was declared independent community in 1982, and the law of linguistica normalization aprobo the 23 of November of 1983 (B.O.E. Not 20 of the 20 of January of 1984). The Catalan is also spoken in some zones of Aragón and Murcia and, outside Spain, in the region of the French Rosellón, the Principality of Andorra and in the Italian city of Sardinia. It is the maternal language of about 5 or 6 million people. Still more, many hablantes of Castilian or Spanish that live in the areas before mentioned, speak it and they understand it. Geographic distribution Andorra, where it is the own language and only official language. Spain Catalonia where it is the own language and coofficial along with the Castilian. Diverse dialectales variants within the territory exist. It is the only zone in which, being coofficial language with the Castilian, the use of the Catalan is majority. Balearic islands, where it is the own language and where dialecto is spoken Balearic. It does not uniform since they exist subdialectos. Partly of the Valencian Community, where it is the own language and where the dialectal called official and generically Valencian variety is spoken, he is not uniform in all the territory, since three subdialectos with shades of difference, recognized exist in his statute of autonomy. Dialecto Valencian that is spoken in Castellón is very similar to the Catalan of Lérida and Tarragona. In this zone, the Catalan is the habitual language of 40.1% of the population. For the set of the Valencian Community it is the habitual language of a 25% of the population, approximately. In the Eastern Aragón (the Strip), territory formed by the regions of the Bunk and the Matarraña, around the fifty percent of the Ribagorza, Under Cinca and Aragón - Caspe, is spoken by more of 90% of the population. In Aragón the Catalan is not official, but from 1990 he has gained certain recognition in the autonomic legislation. A small region of the Region of Murcia, well-known like the Carche, where the Catalan is spoken by five hundred people, although is not official. France the old tributary territories of the counties of the Rosellón and the Cerdagne Valley (Rosellón, well-known territory also like North Catalonia) that comprised of Catalonia until La Paz of the Pyrenees. At the moment they correspond with almost the totality of the department of the Eastern Pyrenees. Here the Catalan is not official and has backed down much before the French. It is the habitual language of 3.5% of the population. Italy the Sardinian city of Alguero, where she is coofficial with Italian and the Sardinian, and is spoken habitually by un13.9% of the population. A denomination that tries to include to all that linguistic area, nonfree of discussions by the ideological character that has been acquiring, is the one of Catalan Countries, coined at the end of century XIX and popularized by Joan Fuster in its Nosaltres work els valencians (1962).

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