Resumo de Geography And Technology

GEOGRAPHY

Abstract

This paper presents how technology has changed the world in many forms. The industrial and technological revolutions have brought many changes in people?s life. With the help of introduction of new equipment some difficult tasks were made easy. The introduction of railroads, postal service, telegraph, telephone systems, radio communication system, automobiles, aeroplanes, etc., helped people to achieving their targets in short time and reduced the spatial distance. Thus we can say that space and time are collapsing.
The biggest invention of 20th century was the introduction of computers. Computers revolutionised the scenario of the whole world. With the help of these satellites were launched into the space and many difficult mathematical calculations were done.
In the early 1990?s Internet has revolutionised the world. Communication is being made at the speed of light. E-commerce is the result of Internet. Instead of outdoor shopping many people are purchasing goods through Internet.

Human beings are different from other animal, that?s why they are called as social animals. This is because they can think and most importantly can communicate easily with each other. To reduce the gap between geographical areas and the curiousness of man to know what?s on the side has made him to invent different things.
Thousands of years ago they started communicating with each other. In 3500BC alphabets were invented in the written form. This helped in the introduction of postal service. This way communication between different parties was made. But for long distances it became difficult.
The Chinese invented paper and the book came by 100AD. Slowly all the writings were entered into the books. Books were best for storing information for long time without causing much damage. Newspapers were introduced into the Europe by 1450AD. Newspapers were the best way to know about the issues happening nationwide. Joseph Henry invented the first telegraph in 1831. With the help of telegraph information was passed much quicker compared to others in those times. The biggest invention of 19th century was the telephone. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. With the help of telephone communication between people became much faster. Nowadays we can?t imagine the world without a telephone. Slowly one after the other motion picture, radio, television, computers, etc., were invented.
In early centuries transportation was carried out with the help of bullock carts, horses and other means. For short distances they were effective but were not that much of help for long distances. Slowly as the centuries gone by many different transport systems were invented and introduced into the market. Ships, trains and automobiles revolutionised the transport system. Long distance travelling was made safer and much better than the earlier ones. Ships and trains were not only used for transporting passengers but also used for transporting large cargo. These transporting systems were very much comfortable to the passengers.
Biggest achievement during industrial revolution was the introduction of trains. Railroads played major role for the success. Many railroads were laid across different countries. With invention of steam engine trains were travelling at much higher speeds. Long distances were covered in short periods. Nowadays bullet trains were introduced. They travel at a speed of more than 400 km/h. Here space was covered at fast pace. We could say that time and space was collapsing.
One of the biggest inventions of 20th century was the aeroplane. The Wright brothers were the first to invent it. Slowly after making many modifications it was used for transportation. To be airborne an aeroplane has to travel at a speed of more than 90 km/h. Now jumbo jets are used for transporting people. A single jumbo jet can transport more than 300 passengers. And these can move more than 1000 km/h. Concorde can travel at twice thespeed of sound.
Computers were the biggest invention of the 20th century. They revolutionised the communication in various forms. Between 1950 and 1970 computers were used only for defence purposes. When it was introduced into the market it changed the world. Super computers were used to solve difficult mathematical calculations. With the introduction of computer games the popularity of computers increased.
The early years of 1990?s was the age of Internet revolution. With the introduction of World Wide Web (WWW) Internet became much popular among businesspersons and households. With different companies showing interest in Internet many new websites were registered. They advertised their products and even started recruiting people through Internet. Thus slowly e-commerce came into picture. With the help of e-commerce shopping became much easier and people slowly started purchasing goods via Internet. Banking systems were also introduced in Internet. People now make transactions of their funds through Internet banking.
Internet has revolutionised the communication systems. With the introduction of Internet telephone communication between people is achieved at a very low price. With the introduction of e-mail, Internet chatting rooms and messenger services information can be passed at a speed of light. Experts say the Internet made the world look like a global village.

Reference

Basalla, George. (1988) The Evolution of Technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mitcham, Carl. (1994) Thinking through Technology: The Path Between Engineering and Philosophy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rowland, Wade. (1997) Spirit of the Web: The Age of Information from Telegraph to Internet. Toronto: Somerville House.
Slevin, James. (2000) The Internet and Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.

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