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Sonata To Kreuzer
(LEON TOLSTOI (1891 ))

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It is by one spring Russian that train slips by since two days .Les travelers accustom one to other and start between them dialogue hollow and idle most of the time, but which does not miss interest of promptness as soon as one speaks about carnal love or spiritual, of the condition of the woman to emanciper for the ones, whereas others that its statute which goes with her nature is to remain subordinate to the man, as a wife faithful, honest, at his service, guarantor of the reproduction of the mankind, as admitted by the religion and the company
The travelers, anonymities, go up and go down from one station to the other .Only one traveler declines his identity .Il is called Pozdnychev. Its confidant during the voyage is a lawyer (the narrator).
Pozdnychev monopolizes more and more speech then enters in a long monologue revealing the secrecies of a character sometimes jovial fellow, clear-sighted, defending the good causes the such emancipation of the woman, considering it equalizes it of the man, filling it of pure and pure love and remaining to him faithful to the live .Discourse almost perfect, if it was not sometimes contradicted by extravagant ideas, insane and delirious by specifying that the emancipation of the woman does not mean that she conceals her obligation marital and nursery schools towards her husband and her children. Its duty is to satisfy the sexual desires of joint sound and to honestly serve it until the dead of her husband and he clams even the extinction of the humanity which deviated from the right way of its religious and human ideals?
He relates his childhood, and entrusts to us that he is issued from a middle-class family. Nourished, adulated, educated very wetly. He did not miss anything. And like the younger of its class, it was allowed to him to enjoy all the pleasures the life, including the vice It was even encouraged there by his parents and the worthy doctors who considered the good early sexual intercourse for health. The monks saw a preparation with the married life there and the policies instituted it by authorizing the opening of the brothels under the medical supervision to take care of the health of all.
Pozdynchev, like all the young people of its time, having enough the vice with the blessing of its entourage, it decides to put an end to its celibacy. and to choose its partner for the good and worst until they are separated by death.
After long research, it succumbs to the charms of a girl who will remain anonymous and whom one will recognize only through his ornaments, its beauty, its femininity and its coquettery All predicted a happy and harmonious married life. Far from there, this happiness and this harmony could not resist beyond honeymoon (another deception of the company) .Les quarrels burst quickly and become increasingly frequent and violent, it decides to put an end to its celibacy, after having satisfied installing between them a hatred growing and deep, envenoming the life of the couple, to such a degree that the woman, completely depressed, to its life with two reprises tries to put an end, and that Pozdnychev seriously projects to kill her.
It need for an alibi had? As if the destiny seems to be baited against this couple, it offers this alibi to him: Veiled what reappears an old friend of childhood which is called Troukhatchevski, excel instrumentalist which plays violin, symbol of the féminité.Pozdnych, as bewitched or pushed pae its destiny, makes very to tie the contact between the violonist and the pianist which is only his wife. Here is thus a quite harmonious duet which will excel by playing the sonata with Kreutzer in front of the guests of Pozdnychev. It hardly manages to veil its jealousy which does not cease torturing it, because it knows the effect of influence which the music has on the hearts .Il knows its effect perverse and alienating. Isnot this step for this reason which it organized this musical dinner? Is not this step what he wanted by inviting his wife to play with this voluptuous violinist to allure it and attract it towards the interdict and the adultery reellyor imaginary, but which for Pozdnychev is obvious within sight of the glances, of the gestures of the good counterparts exchanged between Troukhatchevski and his wife. All these revealing signs seem to precipitate the catastrophe.
Convened to sit at a trade-union session in Moscow, invaded by its doubts and traumatized by its suspicions, it anticipates its return and, dramatic coincidence or diabolic premeditated meeting, it finds its rival at his place, dining head with head with his wife .Plus on doubt. Its honor is ridiculed with known and within sight of his/her five children and of its servants. Its anger, its hatred do not leave him any moment of respite or of reflexion .knife at the hand, it stabs his wife until death whereas his/her lover could flee.
It is only in front of its coffin which it starts to wonder whether his wife had misled it well or it were its hatred which had pushed it to kill her as it had projected.



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