Resumo de A Brave New World

The more current interpretation of this novel deals directly with the Themes of "race" and nationality. Marlow's anguish occurs because all that he has been led to believe about the superiority of European civilization is shown to be false. Instead of being in total control of nature, the Europeans in Africa are at its mercy. Instead of solving problems, the Europeans' rationality, accurate book-keeping, and organizational hierarchies produce chaos, mean-spiritedness, oblivion to the suffering of others, and back- biting. Worst of all for Marlow, the ideals that support imperialism are shown to be lies. Kurtz embodies the contradictions of imperialism, its crazy-making contradictions. In speech, Kurtz supports all the liberal ideals of bringing enlightenment to the ignorant, establishing order in chaos, advancing the causes of progress in technologically deprived areas, but in action, Kurtz simply robs and kills the Africans for a profit and for power.
Marlow is able to give up a belief in the righteousness of the Europeans' place in Africa, but he is unable to give up the illusion that some good motive is behind European imperialism. Doing so would threaten his identity as a European. He cannot imagine an alternative, which would grant the Africans autonomy and dignity as a differently organized civilization.
In the end, the historical approach to reading this novel uses the insights of the metaphysical approach. It takes seriously the historical setting of the novel and examines the characters' psychological and metaphysical response to that setting.
Several things help to hold the plot together. The book, above all, focuses on the nature and demands of the new world, which are given in detail. In fact the scientific and conformist new order is always in the background, even on the Savage Reservation; in their isolation, Linda and John always dream about the brave new world. Also in the course of the novel, Huxley explores how the new world affects all the key characters, including the Savage, Linda, Bernard, Helmholtz, and the Controller. Once John is introduced in Chapter 7, he becomes the focal point of the story and remains the point of interest until the very end, when he commits suicide. The point of view is also consistent throughout the novel. An omniscient voice narrates the whole story in third person. The narrator's sympathies obviously lie with the people from the old world, specifically John and Linda.
The greatest weakness of the novel is its lack of a definitive conclusion and its deviation from normal plot construction. There is an extremely well-developed exposition (or introduction); in fact, it comprises the first seven chapters of the book, as the setting of the brave new world is explained and developed and the major characters are introduced. The rising action begins with Bernard's suggestion that John leave the reservation with him and go to the brave new world that he has dreamed about. The rest of the plot centers on John's disillusion with the new society that he encounters and climaxes with his debate with the Controller, when it becomes obvious that the Savage has no place in the brave new world, which cannot allow for his differences. The falling action centers on John's move to the lighthouse in an attempt to find a place for himself. Unfortunately, the crowds descend upon him there, mentally torturing him to the point of dementia. The conclusion comes with his decision to hang himself. Although the conclusion is not definitive, it strongly suggests that it is impossible for the old and the new, the emotional and the scientific to co-exist. The confusion in the plot comes from the fact that Huxley sees good and bad in both the old and new orders.

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