Resumo de Personalities Born In April

THE APRIL THESES!!

Ambedkar?s caveats
Author: KR Phanda
Publication: The Pioneer
Date: April 26, 2005
Dr BR Ambedkar, whose birth anniversary was celebrated on April 14, is remembered for his commendable work for the uplift of Dalits. What, however, is not known, is that he had made an analysis of the Muslim League''s demand for Pakistan at the 1940 Lahore Congress. No other writer during the time, had such a clear observation vis-à-vis the demand''s ramifications. Even Jinnah was impressed by Ambedkar''s analysis that appeared in Pakistan or the Partition of India (Thackers, Bombay, 1940).
After the failure of the Quit India Movement (1942), Gandhi sought to rebuild bridges with Jinnah. He had many a tête-à-tête with Jinnah on the issue of Pakistan between September 9 and 27, 1944 at the latter''s residence. In a letter to Jinnah, on September 15, 1944, Gandhi asked, "I find no parallel in history for a body of converts and their descendants claiming to be a nation apart from the parent stock" (Gandhi-Jinnah Correspondence, Amalendu Dé). Jinnah in his reply dated September 17 wrote, "For the moment, I would refer two publications to you, although there are many more-Dr Ambedkar''s book and MRT''s Nationalism in Conflict in India. We maintain and hold that Muslims and Hindus are two major nations by any definition or test of a nation" (Ibid). Expectedly, the talks failed and Jinnah told Gandhi, "I sometimes wonder what could be common between practical politics and yourself, between democracy and dictator of a political organisation of which he is not even a four anna member" (Ibid, p 79).
Ambedkar analysed the case for Pakistan from different angles: Defence, Muslim sentiments, financial resources, communal peace and exchange of population. To him, there were two governing factors which determined the case for Pakistan: "First, the defence of India, and second, the sentiment of Muslims." The Simon Commission had revealed in 1930 that Indians considered temperamentally inclined to join the armed forces post-independence, mostly came from areas that were to be included in Pakistan. Therefore, Hindustan could not be defended without Pakistan. Dr Ambedkar observed if India were to remain politically a singular unit, and the two-nation mentality fostered by the Muslim League continued, Hindus would find themselves between the devil and the deep sea with respect to the defence of India. He pointedly asked, "Hindus have a difficult choice to make: To have a safe Army or a safe border! Is it in their interest to insist that Muslims should remain part of India to have a safe border, or should they welcome its separation from India to have a safe Army?"
Further, the financial statistics revealed that as against Rs 52 crore contributed by Hindus, only seven crore rupees came from Muslim majority areas. Ambedkar lamented: "How many Hindus are aware of this tragedy? How many know at whose cost this tragedy is being enacted? If they mean to stop it, the surest way of putting an end to it, is to allow a Pakistan to come into being. To oppose it is to buy a sure weapon for their own destruction" (Ibid, pp 99-101).
Ambedkar suggested exchange of population too. In his words, "The best way to solve the (Hindu-Muslim) problem is the exchange of alien minorities within its border, with those of its own who were outside its border, with a view to bringing about homogeneous states." This is what had happened in Turkey, Greece and Bulgaria. (Ibid, pp 115-116). Had Gandhi and Nehru acted in the national interest, Hindu-Muslim issues would have been a thing of the past.

Jagjivan Ram (1908-1986)

Birth & boyhood:-Jagjivan Ram, popularly known as Babuji was born on 5 April 1908, in Chandwa in Bhojpur District of Bihar.   His father was Shobhi Ram.,a financially poor harijan.. He lost his father at aand faced acute financial hardships. He faced untouchability in school as well as in Banaras Hindu University where he had gone for higher education. . He then went to Calcutta and obtained B.Sc degree from Calcutta university .Youth and jobs While at Banaras Hindu University he organised the scheduled castespeople to protest against social discrimination and later arranged conferences at Calcutta to draw the attention of social and political leaders of Bengal , the then seat of all political activities and freedom movement . After obtaining the B. Sc. degree from Calcutta University, he actively participated in the movements led by Gandhiji The dream born out of this social discrimination and anguish found practical expression in his turning a social reformer while yet a school student He spent many years in jails during the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1940 and the Quit India Movement of 1942. He appeared before the cabinet Mission in 1946 as a representative of the depressed classes of the country .he was emerged as a nationalist politician   He was a member of Lok Sabha for 36 years without a break from 1950 onwards. He was associated with the Indian National Congress from 1932 to 1977. As a Union Minister, Jagjivan Ram had been holding different portfolios from 1947 to 1963 and 1967 to 1979. He remained the Deputy Prime Minister from January to July 1979. He had the vision of a casteless and democratic Hindu society. He took active interest in the movement for social reform and for the upliftment of the weaker sections of society he was really a powerful orator, a distinguished parliamentarian and an astute political administrator.His birth anniversary day is observed as ''Samata Diwas'' as he believed in bringing equality among all in the society.
Contributions :-.During his incumbency as Communications Minister from 1952-to19 56   private airlines were nationalised with the formation of   the Indian Airlines and Air India   and the postal facilities were spread to the remote villages. As Minister for Railways during1956-62 , he took steps to modernize the Railways. During 1967-70 he held the post of Food and Agriculture Minister when Indiaas on the verge of self-sufficiency in food production. From 1970to 1974 he was Defence Minister of India under Indira Gandhi, and all   witnessed the liberation of Bangla Desh. In 1977, he resigned from Congress and associated in the victory of the Janata Party. He held the position of Deputy Prime Minister in the Janata Government, A new party was floated by him named Congress (J) Till death his continuous representation in the Parliament from 1936 to 1986 is a world record.He died in July 6, 1986

SUCHITRA SEN

Suchitra sen was born on 6th April 1931 in Patna, Bihar. Her original name was Roma Sen. She first started acting in cinema in Shesh Kotha made in 1952 but unreleased In 1953 first picture which was released was Sharey Chuattar opposite Uttam Kumar   That was the beginnng The pair went on to become icons of Bengali romantic melodramas for more than twenty years. Some popular films of the pair were Shap Mochan (1955), Sagarika (1956), Harano Sur (1957), Saptapadi (1961), Bipasha (1962) and Grihadah (1967

Almost all the movies made with this pair were box office hit in rural Bengal , and assamincluding Bihar orissa and other parts of India. She had done a few films with basanta choudhury, soumitra chatterjee in opposite. B ut the rural Bengal had accepted the roles made by the pair wiuttam suchitra as guranteed good , enjoyable abnd familyand love melodama. And rushed into

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