Nanotechnology
(saurabh shrivastava)
Nanotechnology is the newest of evolutionary science technology. Nanotechnology is the science of manipulating materials at the molecular level. With the same controversy of cloning nano is changing things that most people think should be left to evolution. When talking about this subject you can tie it in with the fundamentals of ecology. When studying interactions between organisms and their environment time factors in w Nanotechnology, usually defined as being the construction and manipulation of materials on a nanometer (10^{-9} meter) scale, is one of the future technologies which seems rapidly to be becoming feasible. Among the immediate applications of nanotechnology are improved electrical devices through shrinking of chip size, designer drugs, "green" pollution filters and scrubbers, and extremely sensitive sensors. Longer term, would be "intelligent" stimulus-responsive materials, the construction of new "perfect" materials designed down to the atomic level, "nanobots", and general purpose assemblers. Japan at present is not emphasizing nanotechnology research per se in the same way the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) earlier carried out its Fifth-Generation Computer Project. Indeed, it is questionable as to whether the higher-ups in the bureaucracy have ever been exposed to the more esoteric concepts involved--they seem totally oblivious to "strong' nanotechnology "a la" Eric Drexler's concept of nanobots, general assemblers, etc. On the other hand, the basic research areas underlying nanotechnology (biotechnology, fabrication of semiconductor devices on the scale of nanometers) are areas of great technology has evolved from ideals once seen as unbelievable to common everyday instruments. Computers that used to occupy an entire room are now the size of notebooks. The human race has always pushed for technological advances working at the most efficient level, perhaps, the molecular level. The developments and progress in artificial intelligence and molecular technology have spawned a new form of technology; Nanotechnology. Nanotechnology could give the human race eternal life, or it could cause total annihilation. The idea of nanotech was conceived by a man named K. Eric Drexler (Stix 94), which he defines as "Technology based on the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules to build structures to complex atomic specifications (Drexler, "Engines" 288)." The technology which Drexler speaks of will be undoubtedly small, in fact, nano- structures will only measure 100 nanometers, or a billionth of a meter (Stix 94). Being as small as they are, nanostructures require fine particles that can only be seen with the STM, or Scanning Tunneling Microscope (Dowie 4). Moreover the STM allows the scientists to not only see things at the molecular level, but it can pick up and move atoms as well (Port 128). Unfortunately the one new age of Identity Authentication has arrived. Plastic ID cards, paper forms, multiple passwords and pins are being replaced with Biometrics. This science utilizes biological properties to identify individuals; for example, fingerprints, a retina scan, and voice recognition. The United States Military along with many companies have begun research and development on this emerging technology, especially after the push for a stronger national homeland security in the last 4 years. There are products already out in the market and it is slowly catching up with the consumers. As this technology gets sharper and faster, the demand is going to increase rapidly.At this stage the ideas are not yet matured, and products are emerging but they will undergo radical changes as Nanotechnology kicks in. This science of altering materials at molecular levels to create new materials is going to play a major role. Both biometrics and nanotechnology combined could create products too small to be viewed by the human eye. A human being's entire life history could be stored in a chip smaller than a gn of sand. This type technology is under research in the military. There are also a lot
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