Creatine Monohydrate: A Review Of Its Uses In Sport
(byJoseph F. Clark, Ph.D)
Recently there has been a great deal of interest in the use of creatine in exercise and conditioning. Various published works claim exercise enhancement and benefits with the administration of creatine to athletes. This review is an attempt to summarize the current knowledge regarding the application of creatine.In muscle, creatine is reversibly converted to phospho-creatine (PCr) by the enzyme creatine kinase (CK). PCr acts as a reservoir for ATP in the muscle. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the molecule that is used to produce the contraction of the muscle's proteins. Without ATP the muscle is not able to work the cell will die. The concentration of PCr in the muscle is about 4 times greater than ATP and therefore PCr is a larger energy reserve than ATP. The total creatine concentration (PCr + creatine) in skeletal muscle is 4 grams of creatine per kilogram. For this reason, creatine can be described as a muscle extract. When we eat certain red meats we can get 1 gram of creatine in one large serving
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