Resumo de Napoleone Bonaparte

NAPOLEONE BONAPARTE
According to Landau Elaine in the book Napoléon Bonaparte, Napoleone was born Napoleone di Buonaparte on15 August 1769 ? 5 May 1821and was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul of the French Republic from 11 November 1799 to 18 May 1804, Emperor of the French under the name Napoléon I from 18 May 1804 to 6 April 1814, and was briefly restored as Emperor from 20 March to 22 June 1815. He was also King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine.Over the course of little more than a decade, the armies of France under his command fought almost every European power and acquired control of most of continental Europe by conquest or alliance. The disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812 marked a turning point. Following the Russian campaign and the defeat at Leipzig in October 1813, the Sixth Coalition invaded France, forcing NAPOLEON to abdicate in April 1814. He was exiled to the island of Elba. He staged a comeback known as the Hundred Days , but was defeated at Waterloo on 18 June 1815. He spent the remaining six years of his life on the island of St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean under British supervision.Although Napoleon himself developed few military innovations, apart from the divisional squares employed in Egypt, the placement of artillery into batteries, and replacing the division with army corps as the standard all-arms unit, he used the best tactics from a variety of sources, as well as the French army, modernized and reformed, to score several major victories.
He also appointed several members of his family and close friends as monarchs of countries he conquered and as important government figures his brother Lucien was Minister of the Interior of France during the Consulate. Although their reigns did not survive his downfall, a nephew, Napoleon III, ruled France later in the nineteenth century.Napoleon was imprisoned and then exiled by the British to the island of Saint Helena (2,800 km off the Bight of Guinea in the South Atlantic Ocean) from 15 October 1815. Whilst there, with a small cadre of followers, he dictated his memoirs and criticized his captors. Sick for much of his time on Saint Helena, Napoleon died on 5 May 1821. His last words were: Tête d'Armée!(Head of Army!). His heritage was distributed to his close followers, among them General Marbot, whom he asked to continue his writings on the Grandeur de la France.Napoleon had asked in his will to be buried on the banks of the Seine, but was buried on Saint Helena, in the valley of the willows. In 1840 his remains were taken to France in the frigate Belle-Poule and was to be entombed in a porphyry sarcophagus at Les Invalides, Paris.

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