Essentials Of Human Anatomy &physiology
(ELAINE N. MARIEB)
what is the key funtions of the muscular system?
Musce fatigue is when it is unable to contract even though it is still being stimulated. Without rest rest, an active or working muscle begins to tire and contracts more weaklu until it finally ceases reacting and stops contracting. Muscle fatigue is believed to result from the oxygen debt that occurs during prolonged muscle activity.
Flexion: A movement, generally in the sagittal plane, that decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer together. Flexion is typical of hinge joings (bending the knee or elbow), but it is also common at ball-and-socket joings (bending forward at the hip)
Extension: Extension is the opposite of flexion, so it is a movement that increases the angle, or the disytance, between two bones or parts of the body. (straighting the knees or elbow).
Abduction: Is moving a limb away (generally on thefrontal plane) from the midline, or median plane, of the body
Adduction: Is the opposite of abduction, so it is the movement of a limb toward the body midline
Rotation: is movment of a bone around its longitudinal axis. Rotation is a common movement of ball-socket joints and describes the (movement of the atlas around the dens of the axis (as in skaking your head)
Supination: The outward rotation of theforearm causing palms to face anteriorly.
Eversion: Special movement of the foot achieved by turning the sole laterally
Dorsiflexion: Up and down movement that includes lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin (standing on your heels)
Plantar flexion: Pertaining to the sole of the foot
Prime mover: the muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement is called the prime mover.
Synergist: together work) help prime movers by producing the same movement or by reducing undesirable movements.
Flexion: Are specialize synergists. They hold a bone still or stabilize the origin of a prime mover so that the tension can be used to move the insertion bone. The postural muscles that stabilize the vertebral column are fixator, as are the muscles that anchor the scapulae to the thorax
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