Mining Revegetation: Methods And Techniques Used In Sand Mines
(Almeida, Raquel Olimpia Peláez Ocampo)
Mining revegetation: methods and techniques used in sand minesThis dissertation analyses the methods and techniques used torevegetate areas of sand mines and assess the results obtained. In thefirst phase of study, reclamation activities of five typical sand mineswere observed. In general, revegetation in these mines plays afundamental role in mined areas reclamation. Two mines were selectedfor a more detailed assessment, namely: Viterbo Machado Mine- whererevegetation of decantation ponds has been carried out with nativespecies; and Cinco Lagos Mine- where revegetation was performed inprevious operational area aims to recover riparian vegetation. Forassessing results, indicators were selected for collecting thefollowing data: visual aspect of vegetation, plants density and numberof species per hectare, plants height average and settled plantmortality. In Viterbo Mine, tailings characteristics make difficult thenormal plant development. Current practices of soil management diminishthis problem, but efforts have not shown to be enough to obtainsatisfactory results. The type of maintenance of a five year plantationdoes not permit natural regeneration, and plant species chosen are notthe best suitable. In a nine year grassland sown, nowadays there is agood natural regeneration process but with few number of species. CincoLagos Mine presents low planted species diversity but shows goodconditions of vegetation growth and natural regeneration, mainly with6mx1m grid between lines and plant respectively. Some aspects of soilmanagement must be improved and the choice of species has to considerlocal adaptation. A low number of species are used for restoringnatural vegetation, but natural regeneration process has been found isshowing to be a decisive factor for diversification of vegetal species.Revegetation practice of decantation pond needs to add new soil andplant management strategies. Results assessment has been done throughthe application of a set of indicators. New research can be done totest the applicability of additional performance indicators (soilcondition, for example).
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