Resumo de Sources Of Growth And The Productive System Of Rice Crops In The State Of Mato Grosso.

The current study aims to describe the rice production system and toquantify its sources of growth in the state of Mato Grosso, whilecompeting with cotton, corn and soybean crops, between 1980 and 2001.Great technological advances have been observed in upland rice growing,reducing productive differences between the upland and the irrigatedrice. In face of these changes and the lack of information regardingthe upland rice, studies showing these alterations in a systematizedway are required. The shift-share approach was used to measure thesources of growth of agricultural activities, having as determiningfactors of production increase the area, yield, crop combination andgeographical location effects. Changes in the cultivated area werequantified by the scale and substitution effects, in the individualanalysis by culture. Cotton, corn, soybean and rice were the culturesstudied, with emphasis to the last one. They were chosen due to thelarge degree of competition with rice in the utilization of theagricultural area. Despite the strong relation between rice andpastures, they were not included in this study. It is due to the lackof information regarding the area and the yield of pastures in thosemicro-regions, during the analyzed period. It was observed that theupland rice still has a stigma of opening up rural areas, fordomestication of land and following substitution by soybean plantationor pasture. Rice growing is also related to pasture recovery andsoybean rotation. Its relation with corn and cotton growing, in turn,is not as direct. Some obstacles to the development of rice cultivationin the state of Mato Grosso were detected. As examples: theinsufficient supply of seeds; varietal mixture problems in the majorvariety cultivated in the state; the lack of drying and storagestructures for the growers, which hampers commercialization. All of thecultures analyzed registered an increase of production from 1980 to2001. Rice production grew at an annual average rate of 2.4%, due toyield and geographical location effects, while the area effect wasnegative by 0.99% per year. Rice was the only culture that transferredagricultural area to the others (208,003 ha) in the eighties. The cropcombination (4.56% per year) and the area (4.04% per year) effects werethe most important effects in the explanation of production valuegrowth of these crops, from 1980 to 2000, in Mato Grosso. Yield andgeographical location effects were also positives. These resultsindicate that the production value growth derives from an alteration incrops combination ? when the plantation is substituted or the areacultivated with a more profitable culture is expanded. It derives, aswell, from the aggregation of new areas, as observed in the nineties.The increase of yield (3.83% per year) indicates the growth of thesecrops productiveness. The geographical location effect (0.72% per year)denotes a move of the cultivation to regions that present bettergrowing conditions, as soil and weather conditions.

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