Resumo de History And Monuments

Kromo?ów is the oldest section as the first reference about it comes form 1193. The The Zawiercie Ironworks is mentioned in 1431 and the Zawiercie village under year 1492. In 1490 Jan Pilecki figures in documents as the Zawiercie owner, two years later Jan Feliks Rzeszowski - Cracow canon. Then Zawiercie was descended to the Boners? family just to be devolved after years to the Firlejs family for almost 100 years. In 1669 Miko?aj Firlej resold Zawiercie together with Kromo?ów to Stanis?aw Warszycki - the Mazovian Voivode. After Warszycki Zawiercie was descended to the M?ci?skichs? counts, then to Konstanty Gostkowski and Fryderyk Wielki II, General Lieutenant. In 1820 Zawiercie was purchased by Wroc?aw banker - Pingsheim. In 1827 two names appeared in source documents: the Small Zawiercie and the Big Zawiercie. These settlements were marked that way on maps until 1914. In 1887 there were 5.200 people and that number increased to 35 thousand citizens by 1914. This increase was the result of suitable placement of Zawiercie and development of industry. However, the key role in the town development played building the Warsaw-Vienna railway in the second part of the 19th century. In years 1890-1912s a magnificient and beautiful railway station in regence style was built just to honour 300 years of the line of Romanow Tsars rule. Building Pilica-Siewierz Road had also an influence on the town economic development.

The beginning of cotton industry has been dated from the early years of the 19th century. In 1830s the first cotton spinning mill was set up in Zawiercie - at present Cotton Industry works "Zawtex", which since 1869 was extended by Ginsberg brothers. The Joint Stock Company "Zawiercie" originated thanks to them. Textile Works of Ginsberg brothers and TAZ (Joint Stock Company) belonged to one of the biggest ones in the Kingdom. Works had their housing estates, school and Community centre. In 1886 Ernest Erbe?s Ironworks was set up - at present Cast Iron Foundry Company Ltd. In 1880 J. Sambor and M. Krawczyk set up Machine Overhead Transmission factory and Cast Iron Foundry, at present Zawiercie Machine factory "ZAFAMA" Limited Liability Company. In years 1900-1910 "Huldczy?ski" Steelworks was built - at present "Zawiercie" Steelworks Company Ltd. Year 1884 brought the beginning of Glass-works - Reich and Company. In 1898 there were four elementary schools in Zawiercie: one communal school, TAZ school (no 2), Reich Glass-works school (no 4) and one railway school.

In following years one- or two-chamber private schools were opened. Helena Malczewska Girls' boarding school acted, too. In 1907 Józef Meyer?s Male pro-grammar school started its teaching and in 1913 Wanda Karczewska?s Female grammar school. In 1934 co-educational Trade School was created by Polish Merchants? Association.

After 1927 elementary and community schools became nationalised and converted into public ones. Polytechnic school started its activity. Until 1939 in Zawiercie existed: 6 elementary schools, male grammar school, female grammar school, trade co-educational school, public co-educational grammar schools.

In interwar period there were 4 cinemas in Zawiercie. In 1933 puppets theatre "Baj-Baju" was created. At that time also municipal park was surrendered to publicity - one of the most beautiful parks in the D?browa Basin.
Until 1903 Zawiercie belonged to the Kromo?ów Parish. In 1900 building of Neo-Gothic Parish Church dedicated to St. Paul and Peter Apostles, built by TAZ Management, building committee and Zawiercie workers due to engineer Hugon Kudera project, was finished. The Zawiercie Parish has belonged to the Cz?stochowa Diocese since 1925. Choir "Lira", which in 1925 won the first prize among male choirs at Province Congress in Kielce, acted on the base of the parish.

Canon Priest Boles?aw Wajzler was the last parish-priest before outbreak of the IInd World War. He was known here as a social worker and worthy professor of local FemalTeachers' College, murdered in Auschwitz Camp.
Catholic burial cemetery was set up in 1903 and in 1920 it was considerably extended. A dozen or so monumental Jewish cemeteries and the Holenderskichs cemetery chapel remained.
In 19th century Jewish commune existed in Zawiercie and ortodox Jewish influences were very strong.

In 1880 one synagogue was built at Marsza?kowska Street and Jewish community house was next to it. There are still monumantal Jewish cemeteries in Kromo?ów and at Daszy?skiego Street. Jewish cemetery in Kromo?ów comes from the 18th century, it is situated near the road running to the Zawiercie centre, it has got many tombstones with relief plays from the 18th and 19th century. A complex of Jewish tenements houses has been preserved until now at Marsza?kowska and Ho?a Street.

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