The Wonders Of The World
(Leslie Allen, Stephen L. Harris, Catherine H. Howell, K.M. Kostyal and Rick Sammon)
The National Geographic Society presents photographs and selected artist renderings of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, The Medieval World, The Modern World andThe Natural World. The original Seven Wonders of the World compiled by the Greek traveler Herodotus circa 450 B.C. were:1) The Pyramids of Giza;2) The Hanging Gardens of Babylon;3) The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus;4) The Statue of Zeus at Olympia;5) The Mausoleum (Tomb of Mausolus, King of Caria) at Halicarnassus;6) The Colossus of Rhodes; and7) The Lighthouse of Alexandria. All of the ancient wonders were grand artistic masterpieces and marvelous feats of engineering genius. All were located within the empire of Alexander the Great. Six of the original ?Can Not Miss? attractions of the ancient world no longer exist; only the Pyramids remain. During the middle ages, religious fervor and international mysteries became very fashionable. Five of the seven structures considered worthy of the distinction ?World Class Wonder?, were religious constructs. The medieval wonders of the world were:1) Stonehenge (origin and purpose, unknown);2) The Coliseum of Rome (largest known amphitheater);3) The Catacombs of Alexandria (beneath the ruins of the Lighthouse of Alexandria);4) The Great Wall of China (only manmade structure visible from outerspace);5) The Porcelain Tower of Nan king (a Buddhist temple);6) The Hagia Septia (Church of Holy Wisdom, Jewel of Istanbul); and7) The Leaning Tower of Pisa (a bell tower to accompany the Church of Pisa).Except for the Porcelain Tower which was completely destroyed sometime between 1853 and 1864, these structures remain largely in tact. The Tower of Pisa leans because the the stonework is so much heavier than the soft foundation ground.No one is certain how long most of the natural wonders of the world have existed, but a few discoveries which merit acclaim are:1) Mount Everest (tallest mountain: 29028 feet high)2) The Great Barrier Reef (largest living organism: 1250 miles long)3) The Grand Canyon (deepest gorge: 290 miles)4) Victoria Falls (largest waterfall: 355 feet high, one mile wide)5) The Harbor of Rio De Janeiro (largest bay in the world)6) Paricutin Volcano (first eruption:1943, last eruption:1952) and7) Aurora Borealis, The Northern Lights (a 2000 mile wide oval above the magnetic north pole). The seven modern wonders of the world are:1) The Empire State Building (New York)2) The Itaipu Dam (along the Panama River, between Brazil and Paraguay)3) The Canadian National Tower (Toronto)4) The Panama Canal (Panama)5) The Channel Tunnel (under the English Tunnel)6) The North Sea Protection Works (31 gates along the Oosterschelde barrier in the Netherlands), and7) The Golden Gate Bridge (San Francisco). This photographic collection is a Hall of Fame for some of the most awe-inspiring manmade spectacles and natural phenomena from around the world.
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