Resumo de Surrealism - Simone R. Martins

In the first two decades of the century XX, Freud's psychoanalytic studies and the political uncertainties created a favorable climate for the development of an art that criticized the European culture and the fragile human condition more and more before a world complex. They appear aesthetic movements that interfere in an imaginative way in the reality. The surrealism was par excellence the modern artistic current of the representation of the irrational and of the subconscious. Their origins should be looked for in the Dadaism and in the metaphysical painting of Giorgio Of Chirico. This artistic movement appears all sometimes that the imagination shows freely, without the brake of the critical spirit, the one that is worth is the psychic pulse. The surrealists leave the real world for they penetrate in the unreal, because the being's deepest emotion has all of the possibilities of expressing just with the approach of the fantastic, in the point where the human reason loses the control. The publication of the Manifesto of the Surrealism, signed by André Breton in October of 1924, marked the birth of the movement historically. In him he/she intended the restoration of the human feelings and of the instinct as starting point for a new artistic language. For that it was necessary that the man had a vision totally introspective of himself and he found that point of the spirit in which the reality interns and it expresses are noticed totally exempt of contradictions. The free association and the analysis of the dreams, both methods of the Freudian psychoanalysis, became the basic procedures of the surrealism, although applied to his/her way. Through the automatism, in other words, any expression form in that the mind didn't exercise any control type, the surrealists tried to shape, be through forms abstract or figurative symbolic, the images of the human being's deepest reality: the subconscious. The Surrealism presents relationships with the Futurism and the Dadaism. However, if the Dadaists just proposed the destruction, the surrealists nailed the destruction of the society in that lived and the creation of a new one, to be organized in other bases. The surrealists intended, in that way, to reach another reality, located in the plan of the subconscious and of the unconscious. The fantasy, the states of sadness and melancholy exercised great attraction on the surrealists, and in that aspect they approach the romantic ones, although they are much more radical.

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