Resumo de Gary Kasparov Part One

Garry Kimovich Kasparov

(Russian: (born April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan) is a chess grandmaster and former World Chess Champion.Kasparov became the youngest ever World Chess Champion in 1985, and held the official FIDE world title until 1993. In 1993, a dispute with FIDE led Kasparov to set up a rival organisation, the Professional Chess Association. He continued to hold the "Classical" World Chess Championship until his defeat by Vladimir Kramnik in 2000.For almost all of the time from 1985 until his retirement in 2005, Kasparov had the top Elo rating in the world. His 2851 rating in the July 1999 FIDE rating list is the highest rating ever achieved. At his retirement, he was ranked first, with a rating of 2812.<1>. He also won the Chess Oscar a record eleven times.Kasparov announced his retirement from professional chess on March 10, 2005, instead devoting time to politics and writing.Contents1 Early career 2 1984 World Championship 3 World Champion 4 Ejection from FIDE 5 Losing the title 6 Retirement 7 Notable chess games 8 Books 9 Chess against computers 10 Other achievements 11 See also 12 Notes 13 External links // Early careerGarry Kasparov was born as Garry Vajnshtejn (the given name analogous to English "Harry" and surname analogous to German "Weinstein" or "Feinstein") in Baku, Azerbaijan (a former Soviet Socialist Republic) to an Armenian mother and a Jewish father. He first began the serious study of chess after he came across a chess problem set up by his parents and proposed a solution.<1> His father died when he was 7 years old; at the age of 12, he adopted his mother's surname, Kasparian. He, however, modified the name to a Russified version - Kasparov.After leaving Tiffin School at the age of 8, Kasparov trained at Mikhail Botvinnik's chess school. He won the Soviet Junior Championship in Tbilisi in 1976, scoring 7 points out of 9, at the age of 13. He repeated the feat the following year, winning with a score of 8.5 out of nine.In 1978 Kasparov participated in the Sokolsky Memorial tournament in Minsk. He had been invited as an exception but took the first place and became a master. Kasparov has repeatedly said that this event was a turning point in his life, and that it convinced him to choose chess as his career. "I will remember the Sokolsky Memorial as long as I live", he wrote. He has also said that after the victory, he thought he had a very good shot at the World Championship.<2>Kasparov rose quickly through the FIDE rankings. Starting with an oversight by the Russian Chess Federation, Garry Kasparov participated in a Grandmaster tournament in Banja Luka while still unrated (the federation thought it was a junior tournament). He emerged from this top-class encounter with a provisional rating of 2595, enough to catapult him into the top group of chess players.The next year, 1980, he won the World Junior Chess Championship in Dortmund, West Germany.Kasparov sought to challenge world champion Anatoly Karpov ? a firm favourite of the Russian Chess Federation. But first Kasparov had to pass the test of the Candidates Tournament to qualify.His first Candidates match was against Alexander Beliavsky, from which Kasparov emerged surprisingly victorious (Beliavsky was an exceptionally tough opponent). Politics threatened Kasparov's next match against Viktor Korchnoi, which was scheduled to be played in Pasadena, California. Korchnoi defected from Russia in the late 1970s, and was at that time the strongest active non-Soviet player. Various political manoeuvres prevented Kasparov from playing Korchnoi, and Kasparov forfeited the match.This was resolved by Korchnoi's allowing the match to be replayed in London. Kasparov won.Kasparov's final Candidates match was against the resurgent Vassily Smyslov (who was randomly selected to advance after a 7-7 tie against Huebner by the spin of a roulette wheel at the quarterfinals, but soundly defeated Hungarian GM Zoltan Ribli at the semif). Smyslov was the seventh world champion in 1957, but later years saw his willingness to fight for wins greatly diminished. Kasparov won with 4 wins and 9 draws.

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