Resumo de Geqrq - gfewoip pwf

Unloaded 9/12/96
Jennifer Giannino

USE TRANSITIVE VERBS THAT STRIKE THE OBJECT IN AN ACTIVE VOICE.

English Grammer

PARTS OF A SENTENCE:
DIRECT OBJECT: action of the is carried from the subject to the object. Ask what?
1> as receiver of the action - Sue baited the hook - baited what?
2> as result of the action - Sue won the case - won what?
INDIRECT OBJECT: the indirect object of the VERB tells to or for,
whom or what, something is done. Ask to or for, whom or what? (to or
for are understood and never used with an indirect object). If to or
for are present, they are part of a prepositional phrase, therefore the
object is the object of the preposition. You can only have an indirect
object if a direct object is present.
ADJECTIVE: (which one, what kind, how many, how much) placed
before and modifies a noun or pronoun. To modify a linking verb, place
it after. NOTE: most one-syllable adverbs can be adjective, adjectives
with two or more syllables are almost never adverbs.
ADVERBS: (where , when, how, to what extent,
including words of time) Placed after and modifies a verb, as
adjective, or another adverb.
DIRECTIVE ADVERBS: follow the verb
NOTE: To modify an ADJECTIVE or adverb, or an action verb, it
precedes them., but if the adverb is two syllable or more it is placed
after the action verb, use the -ly form of the adverb.
PREPOSITION: (always needs an object) Preposition are used as adjective or adverbs.
LOCATION: at, by, in, on, near
DIRECTION: to, from, down, off, through, out, past, up
ASSOCIATION: or, for, with, like
TWO SYLLABLE: about, above, across, after, against, along, among,
around, before, behind, below, beneath, besides, between, beyond,
during, except, inside, outside, over, under and into, upon, without,
onto, within, throughout.
COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS: according to, prior to, in front of, out
of, owing to, subsequent to, on account of, instead of, because of,
aside from, by means of.
CONJUNCTION: (see syntax)
COORDINATING: (join similar structures)
and, but, or - connect things of the same kind or order. They
connect nouns, adverbs, adjectives, prepositional phrases, predicates,
and clauses.
for - used between clauses only
nor - only for clauses, must follow a negative word
CORRELATIVE: used with pairs
not only . . . but (also)
either . . . or
neither . . . nor
(not limited to)
SUBORDINATING: (join clauses of unequal importance) used to
introduce adverbal clauses, but link it to the main verb. They make the
relation between the two clauses clear. They show relationships of:
time, place, cause, result, exception, condition, and alternative. Such
as:
after, although, as, as if, as long as, as though, because,
before, if, in order that, provided, since, so that, than, though,
till, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, where, where ever, while
(not limited to).
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: join main clauses, preceded by a colon <:> and followed by a comma.
accordinly, hense, nevertheless, therefore, consequently, however, otherwise, yet, furthermore, moreover, also.
NOUN OR VERB? Nouns can take an article
NOUN OR ADJECTIVE? Adjectives tell what kind, may have an article
ADJECTIVE OR PRONOUN? if in place of a noun, a pronoun. If before a noun, as adjective.
ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB? if what kind, an adjective
ADVERB OR PREPOSITION?
1> followed by a noun or pronoun, a preposition
2> not followed by a noun or pronoun, an adverb
3> If it can be moved to another part of the sentence, an adverb.
SYNTAX:
English without accusative, dative, or nomitive forms for its modifiers is easily confused, resulting in incorrect syntax.
MODIFIERS:
1> A disordered sentence can never be corrected with punctuation
2> Subject and verb should not be sperated by modifying clauses, which often modify the subject.
3> Auxilially verbs must stay close to the maain verb
4> A relative pronoun should be close to its antecedent, making sure it is not ambiguous.
5> Try to drop parenthesis between subject and verb
6> Adverbs should be placed where there is no doubt what or who they modify
a> If an adverb affects an adjective, past participle, or another adverb, their place is immediately in front.
b> If the adverb affects anther part of the verb or a phase, they
may be in front or behind, its placement is a metter of emphasis.
SPLIT INFINITIVE:
NOTHING should seperate "to" and the infinitive
ONLY, EVEN: watch placement
CONJUNCTION:
AND - do not start a sentence with "and" unless adding to a previous thought
AND WHICH - use only to introduce a second relative clause having the antecedent as the relative clause preceding it.
AND WHO - an antecedent is needed in the first part of the sentence
AND WHICH - watch reflective or avoid
AS - not a preposition
AS . . . AS - fist one is an adverb, second one is a conjunction
BOTH . . . AND
1> must carry equal weight
2> nothing that comes before the "both" and the "and" can be
regarded as carried on after the "and". If words are to be carried
after the "and" they must precede the "both". If words do not precede
the "both" they never repeat after the "and".

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