The Development Of The Infant And Young Child/stuttering
(Ronald S.Illingworth)
Stammering is a speech disorder marked by hesitation and inability to enunciate consonants without spasmodic repitation. Numerous famous men are said to have stuttered.They include Moses,Aristotle,Aesop,Charles I,Robert Boyle,Lewis Caroll, Somerset Maugham,Charles Darwin.It is a speech disorder whose treatment in the past peculiarly involved some strange methods like teaching the child to speak with pebbles in the mouth,speaking with cork between the teeth etc.The onset of stuttering is usually between 2 and 4 years.About 1-2% of school population stutter.It is 3 times commoner in young boys than girls but much more common in older boys than girls_indicating that girls are more likely to recover from it than boys.About 4 out of 5 lose their stutter spontaneously.Normal children when learning to speak commonly "stutter" or stumble over words particularly difficult ones,when excited or upset.They nearly lose this normal "stutter"unless they are ridiculed for it or unless a parent becomes worried about it-perhaps having had his attention drawn to it by a relative;the parent may then tell the child to repeat himself ,to speak clearlyand distinctly, making the child self -conscious and drawing more attention to his speech.True Stuttering then begins.It is probable several other factors may be involved like familial,insecurity,constitutional factors,lateral dominance and crossed laterality.Treatment can be highly successful but all methods have their failures.A favourite method of treatment is timed syllabic speech-the child being taught to pronounce all syllables equidistantly.'Delayed auditory feedback' is yet another method.In this in an effort to overcome the distorted feedback the child slows down prolongs sounds.But among all the methods the first essential is to persuade the parents to stop criticising the child for his speech and to stop drawing his attention to his difficulty.They should try to remove sources of insecurity and should not try to help him by saying difficult words for him.
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