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Book Of Facts
(Reader's Digest)

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DREAMS AND SLEEP

The biological purpose of dreaming and sleeping are as yet imperfectly understood. People deprived of sleep or of the chance to dream for long periods usually become disoriented, lack concentration and can suffer from hallucinations. A few people, however, are able to do without sleep- and thus without dreams- indefinitely without any ill effects.
Most researchers believe that dreamless sleep is largely a period of physical rest. Blood pressure, body temperature and heartbeat all drop and some body tissues- the skin and the internal linings of the stomach and lungs, for instance- regenerate more rapidly than at other times.
Dreaming sleep is thought to be primarily a period of mental restoration during which the mind may sort and store new information acquired during the day.
During a typical eight hour night, most people spend about two hours dreaming, split up into four periods of about 30 minutes each. The first dreaming period usually begins about 60-90 minutes after falling asleep, the second about 60-90 minutes later and so on through the night.
Dreaming sleep is often known as REM sleep- standing for rapid eye movement- because during it the eyes move around visibly behind the closed eyelids as if scanning a picture. It is also called paradoxical sleep because, although the brain is as active as it is in very light sleep, the sleeper?s muscles are relaxed, and his responsiveness to external stimuli ( noise or a pinprick, say) is as low as in very deep sleep. Curiously, humans are not the only animals to exhibit rapid eye movements during sleep. Other warm-blooded mammals, and birds, do it too, though for shorter periods- suggesting that these animals also dream.




DREAM MEANINGS

Although the details of dreams tend to be highly individual, varying from person to person, their overall themes and patterns are remarkably consistent. These are the commonest themes and how psychologists usually interpret them:

Falling may indicate a fear of lost status- for example, failing an examination or losing a job.

Flying, if accompanied by a general elation, can be an expression of confidence, a feeling of being on top of the world.

Nudity can reveal a feeling of vulnerability in life. The more embarrassing the circumstances- being naked in a street, say- the more acute the feeling.

Examinations which have questions that seem unanswerable suggest a testing situation in real life, at work or at home.

Losing money or valuables may demonstrate a concern for lost values in life; finding them can symbolize confidence.




HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY

Only a very few people have ?eidetic?, or photographic memories in which they can ?see? the information they want in their mind?s eye. Nevertheless, there are simple devices which can help anyone to remember things- and many of these techniques also rely on turning information into pictures.
People?s names, for instance, become easier to remember if they can be turned into visual cues, no matter how ludicrous the result. Visualise someone called Hooper as playing with a hula hoop, a Smith as a blacksmith, and more complex names as combinations of images: a Macdonald as a kilted duck, say.
Numbers can be remembered in the same way, by hanging them on visual pegs. One such list of pegs creates an easily memorized sequence of rhyming images for the numbers one to ten: bun, shoe, tree, door, hive, sticks, heaven, gate, line and hen. Then, to remember 4391, visualize a door in a tree, and through it a line leading to a cream bun.



Resumos Relacionados


- Dreams

- Bitter Sweet: A Book Of Love & Dreams

- Sleep Smart

- What Dreams Reveal

- The Promise Of Sleep



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