Sex Ratio In India
(S.K.Basu)
Sex ratio in India Sex ratio (females per thousand males) measure the balance between males and females in human population. Large imbalances in this aspect affect the social, economic and community life in many ways. In a population closed to migration, the sex ratio is an indicator of the sex differential in mortality. A higher or lower sex ratio reflect the status of the socio-cultural, maternal and child health care programmes existing in the population. The sex composition of the population in India is found to be favorable to males. Female disadvantage in mortality attributed as the cause for the low sex ratio (F/M over the last 30 year i.e. 941 (1961), 930 (1971), 935 (1981), 927 (1991). As compared to the general population, there appears to be a more even distribution of males and females among the Scheduled Tribes i.e. 987 (1961), 982 (1971), 983 (1981), 972 (1991). This suggest that the females in the tribal society are not neglected; the social and cultural values protected their interest. However, it may he pointed out that their sex ratio (972) in 1991 census shows a definite decline when compared to the 1981 census figure of 983. The sex ratio for the Scheduled Tribes in various States and Union Territories is listed .It is observed from Table 1 that the sex ratio of the Scheduled Tribes varied within the country i.e. among the States it was highest in Orissa (1002) and lowest in Uttar Pradesh/Sikkim (914); among the Union Territories, it was highest in Dadra and nagar Haveli (1022) and lowest in Daman and Diu (931). The sex ratio of the Scheduled Tribes in India was found to be near even in Arunachal Pradesh (998), Meghalaya (997), and Kerala (996). While conducting health related studies among the individual tribal population groups, the sex-ratio was found to exhibit a variable picture. Kutia Kondhs, a primitive tribal group of Phulbani district, Orissa, had a low sex ratio of 920 females per thousand males as compared to the Scheduled Tribes of India (972) (Basu, 1990). This indicated a preponderance of female deaths among the Kutia Kondhs. One of the ascribed social reasons for this sex difference was the utter neglect and apathy towards proper rearing of the female and apathy towards proper rearing of the female children among them. A still lower sex ratio, i.e. 103 females per thousand males, was observed (Basu et al., 1993) among the Jaunsaries Bawar, Chakrata tehsil, Dehradun district, Uttar Pradesh. It seemed quite logical as the Jaunsaries were known to be a polyandrous tribal group. Higher sex ratio indicating a comparatively better health status indicating a comparatively better health status among the tribal women of Dhudh Kharies of Sundergarh district, Orissa (1098 females/1000 males) and Santals of Mayurbhanj district, Orissa (1019 females per 1000 males) were found during investigations. (Basu, et al., 1993). These sex ratio were much higher compared to the India's general population (927/1000) and the Scheduled Tribes (972/1000) in 1991. Datta (1990) while conducting demographic investigations among the Kora tribal the sex ratio to be 882 females per 1000 males which was quite low compared to the all India Scheduled Tribal figure of 972.
Resumos Relacionados
- Health Status Of Tribal Women In India
- Men Without Women
- Men Without Women
- Nutritional Status And Mother's Health
- The Tolden Ratio
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